Fig. 3

Bioinformatics analysis of whole transcriptome sequencing. A Volcano map of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PMSCs and induced PMSCs for endothelial differentiation. The x-axis is the log2 scale of the fold change of gene expression in MSCs and induced ECs (log2(fold change)). Negative values indicate downregulation; positive values indicate upregulation. The y-axis is the minus log10 scale of the adjusted p values (–log10 (p adj)), which indicates the significant level of expression difference. The red dots represent significantly upregulated genes, while the green dots represent significantly downregulated genes. B KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. C KEGG pathway classification analysis. D GO classification analysis. EC-differentiated PMSC: the induced PMSCs group for endothelial differentiation