Fig. 5

Changes of metabolites and enzymes in glycolysis and TCA in UMSCs after long-term culture in vitro. a Heatmap of significant up- and down-regulated metabolites in cell supernatant in UMSC-P9 versus UMSC-P4. b schematic diagram of intermediate metabolites of glycolysis pathway and TCA in the supernatant of UMSC-P4 and UMSC-P9 are shown in the histogram (n = 6). Significant downregulated were shown with the blue box. c The concentration of glucose uptake and produced lactate levels in the supernatant produced in UMSC-P4 and UMSC-P9 after culture for 24 h (n ≥ 3). d, e Western blot analysis of glycolysis-related enzymes (d) and TCA-related enzymes: hexokinase 1: HK1; hexokinase 2: HK2; phosphofructokinase: PFK; lactate dehydrogenase A: LDHA; citrate synthase: CS; aconitase 2: ACO2; fumarase: FH; succinate dehydrogenase A:SDHA, e in UMSC- P4 and UMSC-P9. f Levels of acetyl-CoA, ATP, ADP, NADH, and the rates of ADP/ATP and NADH/NAD in the cell lysates of UMSC-P9 and UMSC-P4 (n = 6). *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.01 compared with UMSC-P4