Fig. 4

Trigeminal ganglion (TGs) cells isolation and elongation in the presence of EV treatment. a Schematic diagram of experimental procedure for TG cells isolation from BALB/c mice by utilizing different enzymatic procedures and plating the cells in PDL-coated dishes. b Representative images taken using bright-field microscopy from dishes treated with either 3D- or 2D-EVs over 5 days showed considerable neurite growth and elongation in both conditions with a remarkable increase in the number of neurite sprouts in 3D-EVs condition versus 2D-EVs. Scale bars in D1 to D5 images are 200px, and in inlets, they are 100px