Fig. 1

hESC-derived RPE cells frozen at P2D5 achieved the highest cell viability and attachment after thawing. A The flow diagram for hESC-derived RPE cell differentiation, passaging, and cryopreservation (created with BioRender.com). B, C The recovery rate (B) and viability rate (C) were measured upon thawing of hESC-derived RPE cells frozen at indicated time points. D The attachment rate was measured 24 h post thaw. n = 3 independent experiments; Data are represented as mean ± SD. Statistical differences are evaluated with one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. *P < 0.05. E The bright-field images of RPE cells from different groups 24 h post thaw.F . At 24 h post thaw, the RPE cells were stained with Calcein AM/PI, where live and dead cells were depicted as green and red fluorescence, respectively. Scale bars: 100 μm