Fig. 7

TNFAIP6⁺ MSCs are resistant to immunologic cytotoxicity through faster response to immune stimulation. A The mRNA level of TNFAIP6 was determined via qPCR after stimulated with 10 ng/mL TNF-α, 10 ng/mL IL-1β, and 10 ng/mL IFN-γ for 48 h (n = 3). B The protein level of TNFAIP6 was determined via ELISA after stimulated with 10 ng/mL TNF-α, 10 ng/mL IL-1β, and 10 ng/mL IFN-γ for 48 h (n = 3). C Cytotoxicity was detected by measuring LDH secretion after co-culture with stimulated splenocytes (n = 3). D Representative lymphocytes infiltration within in the Matrigel plug containing TNFAIP6⁻ or TNFAIP6⁺ MSCs at day 3 post-cell transplantation. E Proposed potential mechanism of enhanced immune suppression activities of TNFAIP6⁺ MSCs. F Representation of the process to identify the TNAFAIP6 as a MSC marker. * indicates P < 0.05. TNFAIP6 tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6; MSCs mesenchymal stromal/stem cells; and LDH lactate dehydrogenase