Fig. 2

LPS increased protein permeability across the monolayer of human lung microvascular endothelial cells. A Transwell co-cultivation system structure diagram: HLMVEC were cultured in the apical chamber. Medium containing 500 ng/ml LPS, usually used as a substitute for acute lung injury pulmonary edema fluid, is added to the upper and lower chambers. The liquid level between the upper and lower compartments is kept equal to prevent pressure differences between the compartments. B LPS increased the permeability of HLMVEC monolayer by more than 3 times over 24 h. Data are presented as mean ± SD, N = 9; *p < 0.05 versus control using unpaired two-tailed t test. HLMVEC, human lung microvascular endothelial cell; LPS, lipopolysaccharide