Fig. 3

MSC MV restored protein permeability across LPS injured HLMVEC independent of S1P receptor-1. Administration of MSC MV (60 µL) restored protein permeability across LPS (500 ng/ml) injured HLMVEC monolayer over 24 h. Blocking of S1P receptor-1 on HLMVEC by the S1P receptor-1 antagonist (W123, 5 umol/l) showed no impact on the restoration effect of MSC MV on the protein permeability across HLMVEC injured by LPS. Data are presented as mean ± SD, N = 4; *p < 0.05 versus control using ANOVA with post hoc Tukey HSD test. MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; MV, microvesicles; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; HLMVEC, human lung microvascular endothelial cells; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate; and ANOVA, analysis of variance