Fig. 7
MSC MV activated Rac1 pathway in injured HLMVEC by increasing its intracellular S1P. Rac1 is a downstream molecule of the intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathway. The increase in intracellular S1P levels could activate downstream Rac1 through the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+. A Western blotting analysis showed that administration of MSC MV increased the activation of Rac1 pathway in HLMVEC injured by LPS. The addition of W123 had not abolished the effect of MSC MV on Rac1 activation. B The representative image of Rac1. Data are presented as mean ± SD, N = 7. *p < .0.05 versus control using ANOVA with post hoc Tukey HSD test. MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; MV, microvesicles; HLMVEC, human lung microvascular endothelial cells; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate; and ANOVA, analysis of variance