Fig. 2

Blocking glycolysis of hUC-MSCs abolishes the expression of cytokines and anti-inflammatory factors. a–e CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IDO1, and TSG-6 mRNA levels of MSCs were measured. The MSCs were treated with TNFα and IFNγ (10 ng/ml each) with or without 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and oligomycin (OM) for 24 h. All sample transcript levels were normalized to the level of β-actin. MSCs were treated as in (a), then the cells were collected and the IDO1 protein level (f) was examined by western blotting. The TSG-6 protein level (g) in the medium was examined by ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. of triplicates (a, c) ***, p < 0.001