Table 1 Preclinical and clinical application of MSCs in PF
Source | Model | Dose, route | Time | Results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMSCs | Mouse, BLM | 5 × 105, IV | 0, 7 days | Epithelium-like phenotype; inflammation and collagen deposition ↓ | [87] |
BMSCs | Mouse, BLM | 5 × 105, IV | 6 h | Lung cell phenotype; inflammation ↓; reparative growth factors ↑ | [101] |
BMSCs | Mouse, BLM | 5 × 105, IV | 24 h | MSCs corrected the inappropriate epithelial-mesenchyme relation in IPF | [102] |
BMSCs | Mouse, BLM | 5 × 105, IV | 0 day | ATII cell senescence ↓ | [103] |
BMSCs | Rat, silica | 2 × 106, IV | 28 days | E-cadherin and cytokeratin19 ↑; Wnt/β-catenin, Vimentin and α-SMA ↓ | [104] |
BMSCs | Rat, BLM | 1 × 106, IV | 14 days | TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β ↓ | [105] |
AMSCs | Mouse, BLM | 5 × 105, IV | 24 h | Hydroxyproline, α-integrin and TNFα ↓ | [106] |
AMSCs | Mouse, BLM | 5 × 105, IV | 24 h | MMP-2, IGF, and AKT ↓ | [107] |
AMSCs | Mouse, BLM | 4 × 107/kg, IV | 3, 6, 9 days | Profibrotic and proinflammatory genes ↓ | [108] |
AMSCs | Mouse, BLM | 5 × 105, IV | 24 h | miR-199, caveolin-1, and lung fibrosis ↓ | [109] |
AMSCs | Rat, silica | 1 × 106/kg, IV | 24 h | TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and Caspase-3 ↓; Bcl-2/Bax ratio ↑ | [110] |
AMSCs | Rat, radiation | 5 × 106, IV | 2 h, 7 days | EMT, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 ↓; IL-10 and IL-2 ↑ | [111] |
UCMSCs | Mouse, BLM | 1 × 106, IV | 24 h | TGF-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α and TIMPs ↓; MMPs ↑ | [112] |
UCMSCs | Mouse, BLM | 5 × 105, IV | 0 day | Collagen and fibroblast proliferation ↓; ATII cell proliferation ↑; CXCL9 and CXCL10 ↑ | [98] |
UCMSCs | Rat, BLM | 5 × 106 or 2.5 × 107, IT | 21 days | EMT, MMP9, and TLR-4 ↑; released hyaluronan | [95] |
UCMSCs | Rat, BLM | 2.5 × 107, IT | 21 days | Inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition ↓; lung function ↑ | [113] |
hAMSCs | Rat, WSI | 1 × 106, IV | 4 h | TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β ↓; IL-10, SP-A, SP-C and SP-D ↑ | [114] |
hAMSCs | Mouse, BLM | 1 × 106, IV | 15 min | Foxp3 and M2 macrophages ↑; B-cell recruitment, retention, and maturation ↓ | [115] |
AMSCs | Rat, paraquat | 2 × 106, IV | 6 h | Collagen, TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, and lactic acid ↓ | [116] |
MenSCs | Mouse, BLM | 5 × 105, IV | 2 days, 7 days | Collagen, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β ↓ | [117] |
Lung-MSCs | Mouse, BLM | 1.5 or 2.5 × 105, IV | 0 day | Pulmonary damage and inflammatory cell infiltration ↓ | [118] |
PMSCs | Mouse, BLM | 1 × 105, IV | 3 days | Collagen deposition, MyD88/TGF-β and profibrotic cytokines ↓ | [119] |
PMSCs | Mouse, BLM | 4 × 106, IP 1 × 106, IV, IT | 15 min | Neutrophil infiltration ↓ | [120] |
ERC | Mouse, BLM | 1 × 106, IV | 24 h | Collagen deposition, TGF-β, IL-1β, TNF-α and Bax ↓; IL-10, Bcl-2, HGF and MMP9 ↑ | [121] |
BMSCs | IPF Patients | 20, 100, or 200 × 106, IV |  | Safe | [122] |
BMSCs | IPF Patients | 4 × 108, IV |  | Safe and reduced disease progression | [123] |
AMSCs | IPF Patients | 5 × 105/kg, IT |  | Safe | [124] |
UCMSCs | IPF Patients | 1 or 2 × 106/kg, IV |  | Feasible and safe | [125] |