Stem cell-based therapy for pulmonary fibrosis

Table 2 Studies of stem cell-derived EVs in PF

Source of EVs	Model	Dose, route	Time	Results	References
WJMSCs	Mouse, HYRX	IV	4 days	Fibrosis ↓; modulated M1/M2	[92]
hAECs	Mouse, BLM	10 μg, IT	1 day	Anti‐inflammatory, antifibrotic, and pro‐regenerative	[148]
hAECs	Mouse, BLM	5 or 25 μg, IT	3 weeks	Improved PF	[149]
BMSCs	Mouse, BLM	8.6 × 10⁸, IV	7, 21 days	Immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory	[100]
LSCs	Mouse, BLM or Silica	Nebulization	BLM 10 days, silica 28 days	Collagen and myofibroblast proliferation ↓	[131]
PMSCs	Mouse, radiation	100 μg, IV	0, 3, 5, 7 days	Inflammation, fibrosis, and DNA damage ↓	[150]
Macrophages	A549, MRC5		24 h	Antifibrotic via miR-142-3p	[151]
WJMSCs	Mouse, HYRX	100 μL, IV	18–39 days	Improved PF	[152]
UCMSCs	Mouse, silica	200 μg, IV	Every 4 days	Collagen I and fibronectin ↓	[153]
UCMSCs	Mouse, BLM	20 μg, IV	7, 21 days	Fibrosis ↓; AEC proliferation ↑	[154]
HBECs	Mouse, BLM	2 × 10⁹, IT	7, 14 days	β-Catenin and cell senescence ↓	[155]
AMSCs	Mouse, P. aeruginosa; human volunteers	Mouse 1 mL; human 2 to 16 × 10⁸, Nebulization	2 h, mouse	Survival rate of mice with P. aeruginosa-induced lung injury ↑; well tolerated by volunteers	[132]
BMSCs	Mouse, silica	10 μg, IV	14 weeks	Collagen and inflammation ↓	[156]
AMSCs	Mouse, silica	50 μL, IT	15 days	Collagen and inflammation ↓; IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, and TNF-α ↓	[157]

ISSN: 1757-6512