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Fig. 4 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Combination of indirect revascularization and endothelial progenitor cell transplantation improved cerebral perfusion and ameliorated tauopathy in a rat model of bilateral ICA ligation

Fig. 4

Effects of EMS and EMS combined with EPC treatment on microvasculature density after BICAL. A A 3 × 3 mm craniotomy window was opened for microvasculature and microcirculation measurement (upper panel, black line box). Two weeks after the EMS procedure (lower panel, white dotted box), the temporalis muscle, (marked as T) adhered to the brain surface well, indicating that the EMS procedure was successful. B Under videoscopic view, the vasculature, including the artery (a) and vein (v), was clearly seen on the brain surface. An obvious paucity of microcirculation on the cortical surface was noted 3 weeks after BICAL. C After quantification, microvasculature density decreased obviously after BICAL and was improved after EMS and EMS combined with EPC treatment. Scale bar = 100 μm. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, n = 5–6

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Stem Cell Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1757-6512