Fig. 2
From: Human cortical spheroids with a high diversity of innately developing brain cell types
Generation of mature neuronal subtypes and synaptic structures in human cortical spheroids (hCSs). A Levels of mRNA expression of the mature neuronal markers NEFL and MAP2, and of the synapse-associated transcripts SYP and SNAP25 in H9 embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and day-150 (d150) hCSs. B Representative confocal image of cells positive for the dendritic protein MAP2 in d150 hCSs (batch-1). Independent samples T-test: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01. C Levels of mRNA expression of MAP2 and SNAP25 in H9 ESCs (d0) and hCSs at various culturing time points. Significances are relative to d0. ANOVA with Dunnett’s T3 post hoc comparisons: **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. D Representative ultrastructural transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of a synapse (S) in d150 hCSs. E Levels of mRNA expression of the excitatory neuron markers SLC17A7, GRIN1 and NEUROD6, and the inhibitory neuron-related markers GAD1, NPY and DLX1,2 in H9 ESCs and d150 hCSs (batch-1). Independent samples T-test: ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05, #p < 0.1. F Levels of mRNA expression of GRIN1 and DLX1,2 in H9 ESCs (d0) and hCSs at various culturing time points. Significances are relative to d0. ANOVA with Dunnett’s T3 post hoc comparisons: ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. Each data point in (A, C, E, F) represents the level of mRNA expression in one spheroid. G Representative confocal images of cells positive for the excitatory neuronal marker VGLUT1, and the inhibitory neuron markers GAD2 and GAT1 in d150 hCSs