Fig. 3
From: Human cortical spheroids with a high diversity of innately developing brain cell types
Generation of astrocytes and oligodendrocyte populations in day-150 (d150) human cortical spheroids (hCSs). A Levels of mRNA expression of the astrocyte-related transcripts VIM, GFAP and AQP4 in H9 embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and d150 hCSs (batch-1). Independent samples T-test: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. B Levels of mRNA expression of GFAP and AQP4 in H9 ESCs (d0) and hCSs at various culturing time points. Significances are relative to day 0. ANOVA with Dunnett’s T3 post hoc comparisons: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. C Left: Representative confocal image of GFAP-positive cells in d150 hCSs. Right: Double staining for GFAP and PAX6 in d150 hCSs. The thresholds of the individual color channels were adjusted to better represent the individual signals in the merged image. D Ultrastructural transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of an astrocyte (A) in d150 hCS. E Levels of mRNA expression of oligodendrocyte precursor (OPC) marker NDRG1 and mature oligodendrocyte markers MBP, MAL, MOBP, MOG and MAG in H9 ESCs and d150 hCSs (batch-1). Independent samples T-test: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. F Levels of mRNA expression of SOX10, PDGFRA, and NDRG1 in H9 ESCs (d0) and hCSs at various culturing time points. Significances are relative to d0. ANOVA with Dunnett’s T3 post hoc comparisons: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. Each data point in (A, B, E, F) represents the level of mRNA expression in one spheroid. G Representative confocal image of cells positive for the OPC-transforming marker O1 in d150 hCSs. H Ultrastructural TEM images of OPC and mature oligodendrocyte (mOL) in d150 hCS