Fig. 4
From: Human cortical spheroids with a high diversity of innately developing brain cell types
Generation of innately developing microglia subpopulations in neuron-, astrocyte- and oligodendrocyte-containing day-150 (d150) human cortical spheroids (hCSs). A Levels of mRNA expression of (resting-state) M0 microglia markers AIF1, CX3CR1, TGFβ2, TMEM119 and PTPRC in H9 embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and d150 hCSs (batch-1). Independent samples T-test: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. B Levels of mRNA expression of TMEM119 in H9 ESCs (d0) and hCSs at various culturing time points. Significances are relative to d0. ANOVA with Dunnett’s T3 post hoc comparisons: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. C Representative confocal image of morphologies in cells positive for the pan-microglia marker TMEM119 and the M0 microglia marker P2RY12 in d150 hCSs. D Ultrastructural transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of a microglia cell (M) in d150 hCS. E Double immunocytochemistry shows both TMEM119-positive/P2RY12-positive microglia and TMEM119-positive/P2RY12-negative cells. F Levels of mRNA expression of M1/M2 microglia marker HLA-DRA, M1 microglia marker CD14 and M2 phagocytosis-related markers ITGAM, TREM2 and ARG1 in H9 ESCs and d150 hCSs (batch-1). Independent samples T-test: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, #p < 0.1. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. Each data point in (A, B, F) represents the level of mRNA expression in one spheroid