Table 2 Therapeutic effects of MSC-derived exosomes in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases
Disease | Source of exosomes | Therapeutic effect | Refs. | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
AD | Mouse BM-MSCs | Improved cognitive behavior | [195] | 2018 |
Human UCB-MSCs | Ameliorated cognitive decline; attenuated neuro-inflammation | [196] | 2018 | |
Human UCB-MSCs | Ameliorates neural impairment | [195] | 2018 | |
Human UCB-MSCs | Alleviated neuro-inflammation; reduced amyloid-beta deposition | [197] | 2018 | |
Human UCB-MSCs | Repaired cognitive dysfunctions | [197] | 2018 | |
Mouse BM-MSCs | Reduced Aβ plaque burden | [198] | 2019 | |
Mouse BM-MSCs | Reduced amount of dystrophic neurites in both the cortex and hippocampus | [198] | 2019 | |
Mouse BM-MSCs | Recovered cognition impairment | [199] | 2019 | |
Not mentioned | Restored cognitive function; increased learning abilities | [200] | 2019 | |
Human, purchased | Enhanced neurogenesis; restored cognitive function | [201] | 2019 | |
Mouse BM-MSCs | Reduced Aβ deposition; improved cognitive function recovery | [202] | 202 | |
Human AT-MSCs | Induced neurogenesis; ameliorated cognitive dysfunction | [203] | 2020 | |
Human UCB-MSCs | Improved cognitive function | [164] | 2020 | |
Human BM-MSCs | Decreased microglia activation; increased dendritic spine density | [204] | 2020 | |
Rat BM-MSCs | Improved in destructive structural changes in the taste buds and their innervations | [205] | 2020 | |
MS | Rat BM-MSCs | Decreased neural behavioral scores | [206] | 2019 |
Human BM-MSCs | Reduced disease severity | [207] | 2019 | |
PD | Rat BM-MSCs | Reverted motor phenotype and the neuronal organization | [208] | 2017 |
Rat AT-MSCs | Induced neuroprotection; Increase neuronal plasticity | [209] | 2017 | |
Rat BM-MSCs | Neuroprotective effect on dopaminergic neuron | [210] | 2019 | |
Human AT-MSCs | Ameliorated neurological complications | [211] | 2019 | |
Human UCB-MSCs | Improved neurogenesis and cognitive function | [212] | 2020 | |
Rat BM-MSCs | Attenuated of dopaminergic neuron loss; Improved dopamine levels in the striatum | [212] | 2020 | |
Rat BM-MSCs | Improved motor function | [213] | 2020 | |
Mouse AT-MSCs | Suppressed autophagy and pyroptosis | [214] | 2021 | |
Mouse AT-MSCs | Promoted angiogenesis of human brain microvascular endothelial cells | [215] | 2021 | |
Human BM-MSCs | Reduced number of α-synuclein inclusions | [216] | 2021 |