Fig. 10

RECs mediated mitochondrial transfer rescued mitochondria-reliant ATP production and shifted metabolism from glycolysis toward OXPHOS. A The level of GDF-15 in the different groups of cell culture media. B In non-contact co-culture system, CCK-8 was used to detect the proliferation of ρ⁰ A549 and ρ⁰ HeLa cells at different times after co-culture with MSC and REC. C Intracellular content of ATP was determined in the different groups with the intervention of Oligomycin. D Intracellular content of lactate in the different groups with the intervention of Oligomycin. E The intracellular ATP content of different ρ⁰ cell lines was detected. F The intracellular lactate content of different ρ⁰ cell lines was detected. All co-culture groups were in a non-contact co-culture system. Data were based on three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ns: no statistical significance between the indicated groups