A beginner’s guide on the use of brain organoids for neuroscientists: a systematic review

Mulder, Lance A.; Depla, Josse A.; Sridhar, Adithya; Wolthers, Katja; Pajkrt, Dasja; Vieira de Sá , Renata

doi:10.1186/s13287-023-03302-x

Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Table 5 Organoid models and reported cell types

From: A beginner’s guide on the use of brain organoids for neuroscientists: a systematic review

	Range in reported days per cell type\| median day
Cell types	Cerebral (n = 61)	Dorsal (n = 38)	Ventral (n = 6)
Progenitors
Progenitors	15–85 \| 35	12–90 \| 35.5	75–85 \| 80
Neural progenitor cells	07–70 \| 30	12–125 \| 35	20–20 \| 20
Radial glial cells	15–84 \| 32.5	18–245 \| 35.5	20–20 \| 20
Outer radial glial cells	14–84 \| 47.5	20–125 \| 60
Intermediate progenitor cells	19–70 \| 35	28–70 \| 54
Cortical progenitors	19–45 \| 33	41–41 \| 41
Hypothalamic precursors	70–70 \| 70
GE progenitors
MGE precursors		18–18 \| 18	18–18 \| 18
Dorsal forebrain-specific progenitors	14–14 \| 14	13–79 \| 14
Dorsal telencephalic progenitors	21–21 \| 21	37–37 \| 37
Interneuron precursor			71–71 \| 71
Oligodendrocyte progenitors	30–30 \| 30	50–51 \| 50.5
Neurons & glia
Neurons	07–180 \| 30	14–125 \| 40.5	25–80 \| 41
Mature neurons	28–112 \| 31	12–81 \| 58
Excitatory neurons	19–180 \| 63	46–180 \| 90
Inhibitory neurons	19–180 \| 35	35–180 \| 84	46–85 \| 60.5
DA neurons	30–30 \| 30
Glial cells	180–180 \| 180	54–180 \| 100
Astrocytes	30–112 \| 60	76–300 \| 98	80–80 \| 80
Mature astrocytes		120–200 \| 160
Oligodendrocytes	28–180 \| 35	98–115 \| 106.5	80–80 \| 80
Mature (late stage)	39–180 \| 109.5	100–100 \| 100
Neuronal subtypes
Neuroblasts (early pioneer neurons)	15–63 \| 39		22–22 \| 22
Cortical neurons	21–180 \| 30	33–112 \| 41
Cajal-Retzius cells	30–75 \| 33	28–70 \| 42
Lower layer (deep layers V-VI)	14–84 \| 52	28–140 \| 70
Upper layer (superficial layers II-IV)	19–84 \| 63.5	52–140 \| 70
Forebrain neurons	25–25 \| 25	65–65 \| 65
Striatal (cortical) interneurons	70–70 \| 70
GE young neurons
Cortical (pre)plate neurons	60–60 \| 60
Others
Cuboidal epithelium	40–40 \| 40
Microglia	24–39 \| 31.5

Articles describing the use of cerebral organoid, dorsal forebrain organoids, and ventral forebrain organoid models were summarised and analysed for each reported cell type. The range of reported time points per cell type was extracted from articles belonging to either of the model categories. Per cell type, the median day of reportage of that specific cell type is depicted

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	Range in reported days per cell type\| median day
Cell types	Cerebral (n = 61)	Dorsal (n = 38)	Ventral (n = 6)
Progenitors
Progenitors	15–85 \| 35	12–90 \| 35.5	75–85 \| 80
Neural progenitor cells	07–70 \| 30	12–125 \| 35	20–20 \| 20
Radial glial cells	15–84 \| 32.5	18–245 \| 35.5	20–20 \| 20
Outer radial glial cells	14–84 \| 47.5	20–125 \| 60
Intermediate progenitor cells	19–70 \| 35	28–70 \| 54
Cortical progenitors	19–45 \| 33	41–41 \| 41
Hypothalamic precursors	70–70 \| 70
GE progenitors
MGE precursors		18–18 \| 18	18–18 \| 18
Dorsal forebrain-specific progenitors	14–14 \| 14	13–79 \| 14
Dorsal telencephalic progenitors	21–21 \| 21	37–37 \| 37
Interneuron precursor			71–71 \| 71
Oligodendrocyte progenitors	30–30 \| 30	50–51 \| 50.5
Neurons & glia
Neurons	07–180 \| 30	14–125 \| 40.5	25–80 \| 41
Mature neurons	28–112 \| 31	12–81 \| 58
Excitatory neurons	19–180 \| 63	46–180 \| 90
Inhibitory neurons	19–180 \| 35	35–180 \| 84	46–85 \| 60.5
DA neurons	30–30 \| 30
Glial cells	180–180 \| 180	54–180 \| 100
Astrocytes	30–112 \| 60	76–300 \| 98	80–80 \| 80
Mature astrocytes		120–200 \| 160
Oligodendrocytes	28–180 \| 35	98–115 \| 106.5	80–80 \| 80
Mature (late stage)	39–180 \| 109.5	100–100 \| 100
Neuronal subtypes
Neuroblasts (early pioneer neurons)	15–63 \| 39		22–22 \| 22
Cortical neurons	21–180 \| 30	33–112 \| 41
Cajal-Retzius cells	30–75 \| 33	28–70 \| 42
Lower layer (deep layers V-VI)	14–84 \| 52	28–140 \| 70
Upper layer (superficial layers II-IV)	19–84 \| 63.5	52–140 \| 70
Forebrain neurons	25–25 \| 25	65–65 \| 65
Striatal (cortical) interneurons	70–70 \| 70
GE young neurons
Cortical (pre)plate neurons	60–60 \| 60
Others
Cuboidal epithelium	40–40 \| 40
Microglia	24–39 \| 31.5