Fig. 4

Adipose tissue regeneration induced by h-sEV-AT. a Schematic view of the experimental operation process. h-sEV-AT, mixed with Matrigel, was put into the tube and subcutaneously implanted into the back of SD rats. After 4 weeks of implantation, implants with b or without c the tube were photographed. d Representative images of the longitudinal section of the implants at 4 weeks with H&E staining (black dotted square: areas were magnified), immunohistochemically staining (perilipin A), and Masson staining. Scale bar = 500 μm. e The percentage of adipose area, fiber area, and other areas in the longitudinal section was analyzed (n = 4). The significance was tested with an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.