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Table 2 Comparing the sources of MSCs. Cytokine expression from cell sheets with different cell sources including UC-MSCs, BM-MSCs, and AD-MSCs [70]

From: Application of mesenchymal stem cell sheet for regeneration of craniomaxillofacial bone defects

Cytokine (pg/ml per cell sheet)

Qualitative amount

HGF Level

AD-MSCs ˃ BM-MSCs ˃ UC-MSCs

TGF-β1 Level

BM-MSCs ˃ UC-MSCs ˃ AD-MSCs

PGE2 Level

BM-MSCs ˃ UC-MSCs ˃ AD-MSCs

IL-6 Level

UC-MSCs ˃ BM-MSCs ˃ AD-MSCs

IL-10 Secretion

AD-MSCs ˃ BM-MSCs ˃ UC-MSCs