Fig. 1

Generation and characterization of iPSC-CMs. a Typical morphology of skin fibroblasts. The images were captured by an inverted fluorescence microscope (Nikon ECLIPSE Ti-S). Scale bar, 100 μm. b Typical morphology of iPSCs. The images were captured by an inverted fluorescence microscope (Nikon ECLIPSE Ti-S). Scale bar, 100 μm. c Representative graph of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining of iPSCs. The images were captured by an inverted fluorescence microscope (Nikon ECLIPSE Ti-S). Scale bar, 100 μm. d Representative graph of karyotype of iPSCs. e Representative graphs of pluripotent staining of iPSCs using SOX2 (green), NANOG (red), SSEA4 (green) and OCT4 (red), DAPI indicates nuclear staining (blue). Fluorescent detection was assessed with a confocal microscope (Nikon A1). Scale bar, 100 μm. f Bar graph to compare the mRNA expression of SOX2 and OCT4 by qPCR between skin fibroblasts and iPSCs. n = 3–4. g Representative graphs of cardiac-specific staining by TNNT2 (green) and α-actinin (red) in iPSC-CMs. DAPI indicates nuclear staining (blue). Fluorescent detection was assessed with a confocal microscope (Nikon A1). Scale bar, 20 μm. h Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of TNNT2-positive cells in the iPSC-CMs. n = 3 independent differentiations