Fig. 4

Mitochondrial transplantation reduces elevated levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. A Intracellular ROS (green) levels were determined by DCF-DA staining (n = 6). The nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33,342 (blue). Scale bar: 400 × , 25 µm. B Histograms represent intracellular ROS quantification for Fig. 4A. C Mitochondrial ROS levels were assessed by flow cytometry with MitoSOX staining (n = 6). D Histograms represent mitochondrial ROS quantification for Fig. 4C. Supernatant inflammation-related markers, such as IL-6 (E) and IL-1β (F), were detected by ELISA (n = 3). Data represent mean ± SD. Statistical significance of the differences among groups was determined by ANOVA (Bonferroni or LSD method). ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001