Fig. 1

Immunophenotypic, migratory, and immunosuppressive characteristics of hAMSCs. A Surface marker expression on hAMSCs was detected using flow cytometric analysis. The cells were positive for CD73, CD90, and CD105, common MSC markers, and negative for CD45, CD34, CD14, CD11b, CD19, and HLA-DR. B Integrin α4, integrin β1, and CXCR4 expression were detected using flow cytometric analysis. White curves represent isotype controls. C MMP2 and MMP9 secretion was detected using ELISA. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. D, E hAMSCs were co-cultured with PHA-activated or non-activated hPBMCs at a ratio of 1:20. hPBMC proliferation was determined after four days using flow cytometry. A representative experiment (D), the mean ± SD of three independent experiments (E). F Culture supernatants were collected 24 h after seeding and assayed for PGE₂ production. All data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments and statistical differences (^**P < 0.01, ^****P < 0.0001) are shown