Fig. 4

The resolution of left vesicoureteral reflux in Patient 4 following stem cell infusions. At baseline, the patient presented with grade III left vesicoureteral reflux (A), but after 12 months of stem cell infusion therapy, there were no images of left vesicoureteral reflux (B), indicating a successful treatment outcome. These findings suggest that stem cell therapy may be a promising treatment option for vesicoureteral reflux