Fig. 3

Sup-ASC-CM and Deep-ASC-CM equally suppress fibrotic changes through inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling in HK-2 cells. a Western blot analysis of phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) in HK-2 cells stimulated with TGF-β1 for 30 min. Graph shows densitometric analysis of the p-Smad2 expression level normalized to the Smad2 expression level (n = 5 in each group). Full-length blots are presented in Additional file 2B: Fig. 1d. b Western blot analysis of α-SMA in HK-2 cells stimulated with TGF-β1 for 24 h. Graph shows densitometric analysis of the α-SMA expression level normalized to the α-tubulin expression level (n = 5 in each group). Full-length blots are presented in Additional file 3C: Fig. 1e. c, d Concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in Sup-ASC-CM and Deep-ASC-CM were measured by ELISAs (n = 5 in each group). Data are means ± S.D. ^#P < 0.01; n.s.: not significant (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey–Kramer’s post-hoc test)