Fig. 5

BMSC-CM-contributed MFD supports testicular maturation by increasing tubule epithelial thickness, luminal diameter and testosterone level in vitro. Bar graphs illustrate time-dependent change by standard deviation and data distribution of a tubule epithelial thickness, b luminal diameter and c testosterone concentration (*p < 0.05, n = 6 testes, 50 tubules). d Line graph illustrates a positive correlation of tubule epithelial thickness with luminal diameter in control and BMSC groups (R² = 0.9524, p = 0.0001). e Illustration of germ cell populations in tubules on day 42