Fig. 1

MP intensified oxidative stress and inhibited the osteogenesis of BMSC. A CCK-8 analysis was performed with various concentrations of MP in BMSC for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. B Immunofluorescence images of ROS. Intracellular ROS were stained with 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. (Scale bar: 100 μm) C Mean fluorescence intensity of ROS. D Flow cytometry analysis of PI staining. E Mean fluorescence intensity of PI. F qPCR analysis of Gpx4, Sod2, Hmox1 and Nox4. (β-actin was selected as an internal reference.) G ALP staining after 10 days of osteogenic induction. (Scale bar: 100 μm) H ALP activity. I ARS staining after 18 days of osteogenic induction. (Scale bar: 100 μm) J Quantitative analysis of ARS with spectrophotometer at 562 nm. K mRNA levels of Runx2, Sp7, Alpl and Bglap were detected after osteogenic induction. (β-actin was selected as an internal reference.) L Immunofluorescence staining of RUNX2 in BMSC. (Green: RUNX2, Blue: DAPI.) (Scale bar: 25 μm) M Mean fluorescence intensity of RUNX2. N Immunofluorescence staining of OCN in BMSC. O Mean fluorescence intensity of OCN. (Scale bar: 50 μm) (All bar graphs are the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared with the control group.)