Table 1 The effects of the hypoxia pre-conditioning on the gene expression profile of MSCs (preclinical studies)
Cell source | Origin | Target gene | Expression pattern | Results (ref) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
BM | Human | Runx2 and TWIST | Down-regulation | Inhibited the osteogenic potential of the MSCs (in vitro) [174] |
BM | Rat | VEGF and HGF | Up-regulation | Attenuated renal fibrosis (in vivo) [28] |
BM | Rat | - | - | Improved renal function (in vivo) [131] |
BM | Human | NLRP3 and caspase-1 | Down-regulation | Reduced microglial pyroptosis following the intracerebral hemorrhage [175] |
AT | Mouse | HLA-G, PGE2, and IDO | Up-regulation | Improved immunomodulation capacity [29] |
BM | ||||
WJ | ||||
BM | Human | 26S proteasome | Down-regulation | Increased immunogenicity [176] |
AT | Human | p-Akt | Up-regulation | Improved angiogenic and anti-oxidative capacities (in vivo) [177] |
BM | Porcine Human | VEGF | Up-regulation | More favored therapeutic characteristics [178] |
HMGB1, BCL-2 and caspase-3 | Down-regulation | |||
BM | Human | PPARG | Down-regulation | Improved osteogenesis but inhibited adipogenesis of MSCs [179] |
HIF-1ɑ and RUNX2 | Up-regulation | |||
Placental | Human | Cyclin A2/E1 and CDK2 | Up-regulation | Improved proliferation [180] |
P21 | Down-regulation | |||
BM | Mice | HIF-1α | Up-regulation | Induced MSC migration [181] |
BM | Human | SDF-1 and VEGF | Up-regulation | Enhanced myogenesis under hypoxic conditions (in vitro) [182] |
Pig | ||||
BM | Rat | COX-2 | Down-regulation | Reduced immunoprivilege of allogeneic MSCs (in vitro and in vivo) [183] |
Placental | Human | ERK, AKT, and CXCR4 | Up-regulation | Improved migration and proliferation (in vitro) [184] |
BM | ||||
BM | Human | SUG1 | Up-regulation | Improved the survival of transplanted cells (in vivo) [185] |
Rat | ||||
BM | Rat | HIF-1α | Up-regulation | Enhanced viability and reduced apoptosis [186] |
BM | Mouse | ALP, RUNX2, COL1A, and OCN | Up-regulation | Improved proliferation and osteogenic differentiation (in vitro) [187] |
BM | Mouse | HIF-1α and Akt | Up-regulation | Improved proliferation and antioxidant activity [188] |
BM | Human | HLA-DRα | Up-regulation | Reduced immunoprivilege of MSCs (in vivo) [189] |
BM | Human | Akt | Up-regulation | Improved chondrogenesis and inhibited terminal differentiation by inducing the PI3K/Akt/FoxO pathway [190] |
ESCs | Human | PDGF-BB, IGFBP-6, VEGF-A, and angiogenin | Up-regulation | Improved viability (in vivo) [191] |
AT | Human | VEGF | Up-regulation | Enhance angiogenesis by PKA signaling pathway (in vitro) [192] |
UC | Equine | SOX2, OCT4, and Nanog | Up-regulation | Enhanced stemness of MSCs [193] |
BM | Mouse | HIF-1α | Up-regulation | Increase MSC proliferation and long-term survival post-irradiation [194] |
UCB | Human | HIF-1α | Up-regulation | Improved expansion [195] |
Olfactory mucosa | Human | p16INK4A, p21, and p53 | Down-regulation | Reduced senescence [196] |