Fig. 1

HucMSC-EVs demonstrate therapeutic effects and reduce the inflammatory response in mice after SM injury. A Survival curves for the different treatment groups (n = 10 mice/group). HucMSC-EV administration significantly improved the survival rate. B Representative histological micrograph analysis (× 200, scale bar = 100 μm) and histopathological scores (n = 3 mice/group). C, D Comparison of BALF protein and the wet/dry weight ratio in SM-exposed mice (n = 6 mice/group). E–G ELISA was performed to visualize the expression of the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 in mouse lung tissues (n = 6 mice/group). The data are presented as the mean ± SD of individuals included in each group and representative of at least three independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; and ***P < 0.001