Fig. 1

AT-hMSCs conferred superior protection against aGvHD in vivo. A Schematic of aGvHD mouse model. BALB/c host mice were exposed to γ-irradiation at 800 cGy around 24 h prior to treatment with T cell-depleted bone marrow (TCDBM) with/without CD4⁺ T cell splenocytes (CD4⁺), with/without hMSCs. Negative control group: TCDBM from C57BL/6N. Positive control group: TCDBM and CD4⁺ from C57BL/6N to induce a graft-versus-host reaction. Human MSCs treatment groups were injected with TCDBM and CD4⁺ T cells with hMSCs. For the evaluation of short-term engraftment, mice were given one hMSC injection on day 0 and killed on day 7. To monitor pathology and long-term engraftment, mice were given 3 doses of hMSCs on days 0, 3, 6 and harvested on day 21. Similarly, 3 injections of hMSCs were administered for the assessment of survival and symptoms, and mice were monitored for 80 days. B Survival was monitored over 80 days by Kaplan–Meier analysis. C GvHD clinical scores, significance shown against positive control. n = 12, 17, 9, 10, 8 for TCDBM, TCDBM + CD4, TCDBM + CD4 + AT-hMSCs, TCDBM + CD4 + UC-hMSCs, TCDBM + CD4 + BM-hMSCs. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001