Fig. 2

Evaluation of iPSCs expanded in two-dimensional planar (2D) and three-dimensional suspension (3D) cell culture. A Schematic representation of the expansion protocols for 2D and 3D suspension conditions with summary of techniques used to compare cells. B Morphology of cells expanded in 2D planar cell culture and 3D suspension expansion within Vertical-Wheel® bioreactors C Cell size following 3D cluster dissociation and 2D cell passaging on days 0, 3, and 5 of expansion (n = 6). D Cell viability following 5 days of cell expansion comparing 2D and 3D conditions (n = 6). E Cluster size for cells grown in 3D conditions with frequency of clusters characterized (n = 3). F Absolute cell number expansion using 2D and 3D cell culture (n = 6). G Fold expansion following 3 and 5 days of cell expansion in 2D and 3D cell culture (n = 6). H Cell expansion per milliliter of consumed media following 5 days of cell expansion in 2D and 3D cell culture (n = 6 per group). I Population doubling level for cells expanded in 2D and 3D conditions (n = 6 per group). J Representation of the gating strategy followed for the quantification of Ki67⁺ cells in 2D and 3D conditions. K Ki67 expression of cells expanded in 2D and 3D conditions (n = 6 per group)