Fig. 3

iPSC expansion comparison within Vertical-Wheel® bioreactors using the current protocol and replication of Dang et al. [28] protocols. A Schematic representation of the current protocol and the replicated Dang et al. [28] expansion protocol. B Cluster morphology at termination of iPSC expansion protocol using our current protocol or replicated Dang et al. [28] protocols. C Cell size following 3D cluster dissociation after expansion using the current protocol and replicated Dang et al. [28] protocol on days 0, 3, and 5 of expansion (n = 6). D Cell viability following 5 days of cell expansion comparing the current protocol and replicated Dang et al. [28] protocol (n = 6). E Cluster size for cells grown using the current protocol and replicated Dang et al. [28] protocol with frequency of clusters characterized (n = 6). F Cluster size distribution at termination of iPSC expansion protocol using the current protocol and replicated Dang et al. [28] protocol. G Absolute cell number expansion using the current protocol and replicated Dang et al. [28] protocol (n = 6). H Fold expansion following 3 and 5 days of cell expansion using the current protocol and 3, 5, 6 and 7 days of cell expansion using the replicated Dang et al. [28] protocol (n = 6). I Population doubling level for cells expanded using the current protocol and replicated Dang et al. [28] protocol (n = 6 per group). J Cell expansion per milliliter of consumed media following 5 days of cell expansion using the current protocol and 5 and 7 days of cell expansion using the replicated Dang et al. [28] protocol (n = 6 per group). K Cost of producing 100 × 10⁶ cells in 2023 Canadian Dollars following 5 days or 5 and 7 days of cell expansion using the current protocol and replicated Dang et al. [28] protocol (n = 6 per group)