Fig. 4

Marker levels of MSCs and adipocytes differentiated from collagenase-treated cells. Cell microscopy (left) and staining (right) images of control (MSCs) and differentiated cells for collagenase- and ultrasound-treated cells (A). Adipocytes were stained with Oil Red O, osteoblasts were stained with Alizarin Red S, and chondrocytes were stained with Alcian blue (B). The expression of two adipocyte differentiation markers (FABP4 and PPARγ) in MSCs and adipocytes differentiated from collagenase- or ultrasound-treated cells was measured using real-time PCR (C). The expression of two chondrocyte differentiation markers (Sox9 and Col2A) in MSCs and chondrocytes differentiated from collagenase- or ultrasound-treated cells was measured using real-time PCR (D). The expression of two osteocyte differentiation markers (Runx2 and Osteocalcin) in MSCs and osteocytes differentiated from ultrasound- or collagenases-treated cells were measured using real-time PCR (E). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent samples. *p < 0.05 versus control