Fig. 7

IV and nebulised EV effects on lung inflammatory cytokines in E. coli induced pneumonia. Rats received a bolus of E. coli, 1 h later were administered BM- or UC-EVs by IV or nebulisation route, and at 48 h cytokines were quantified in BAL by a bead-based multiplex assay. Cytokines assessed included IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), M-CSF (C), IL-2 (D), IL-5 (E) and GRO/KC (F). Sham N = 2–4, Vehicle N = 4–6, BM-EV N = 5–8, Neb BM-EVs N = 5–8, UC-EVs N = 5–8. Neb UC-EVs N = 5–8. † p < 0.05 wrt sham. *p < 0.05, **p0.01, ***p < 0.005, wrt pneumonia with vehicle. ns = no significant difference between IV and Neb delivery