Fig. 4

In vitro experiments. a Quantification of growth factor expression by ELISA. Quantification of bFGF, EGF, TGF-β1, and VEGF in gel-CM from serum-deprivation (2% FBS) condition and 10% FBS condition. b gel-CM enhances the migration of fibroblasts. Representative pictures of migrating fibroblasts in scratch-wound assay and migration rate after treatment with gel-CM from serum-free condition, serum-deprivation (2% FBS), or 10% FBS microenvironment. Scale bars = 100 μm. c The proliferation of fibroblasts after treatment with gel-CM from serum-free condition, serum-deprivation (2% FBS), or 10% FBS microenvironment was determined by a CCK8 assay. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01,.^***p < 0.001