Fig. 1

Clinical trial methodology for intramuscular administration of P-MSC. A P-MSC injected to the ischemic limb following isolation and in vitro expansion, B P-MSCs suppress inflammation and promote immunomodulation by secreting immunomodulatory cytokines, which stimulate the induction of M2 macrophages and increase the number of circulating regulatory T cells, resulting in an increase in interleukin IL-10 and resolution of inflammation. Additionally, MSCs release factors that promote angiogenesis directly. C Efficacy outcomes of P-MSC administration in patient with CLI