Table 2 Histone acetylation and related modifiers regulate the fate of BM-MSC
Modifiers | Histone modification | Targets | Effects on fate of BM-MSC (in vitro) | Effects on bone (in vivo) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetylases | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
GCN5 (KAT2A) | H3K9ac | Vegf, Wnt | Promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis | Inhibits bone loss | |
PCAF (KAT2B) | H3K9ac | BMP2, BMP4, BMPR1B, RUNX2 | Promotes osteogenesis | Not evaluated | [86] |
p300 (KAT3B) | H3K9ac H3K27ac | α-KG | Inhibits osteogenesis | Not evaluated | |
p300/CBP | H3K27ac | Pparγ, p53, p21Cip1 | Promotes adipogenesis and senescence | Not evaluated | [100] |
Deacetylases | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
HDAC1 | H3/H4ac | Pparγ2, C/ebpα | Inhibits adipogenesis | Not evaluated | |
HDAC1 | H3ac | Jag1 | Inhibits osteogenesis | Promotes bone loss | [109] |
HDAC6 | H3K9/K14ac H4K12ac | Runx2 | Inhibits osteogenesis | Promotes age-related bone loss | [91] |
HDAC9 | H3K9ac | Atg7 Becn1 LC3a/b | Promotes adipogenesis while inhibiting autophagy and osteogenesis | Promotes age-related bone loss | [92] |
HDAC11 | H3K9ac | Hsd11b2 | Inhibits osteogenesis | Not evaluated | [93] |
SIRT1 | H3K14ac | Runx2 Sp7 Bglap | Inhibits osteogenesis | Not evaluated | [94] |
SIRT7 | H3K18ac | OSX | Inhibits osteogenesis | Not evaluated | [101] |
Other regulators | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
NAMPT | H3K9ac | Runx2 | Promotes osteogenesis | Not evaluated | [87] |