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Fig. 3 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 3

From: Development of a robust induced pluripotent stem cell atrial cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol to model atrial arrhythmia

Fig. 3

Pharmacological activation of Ikach current with muscarinic receptor agonist carbamylcholine. Representative 10 s traces recorded from a multi-electrode array, before (black), and after carbamylcholine (10 μM) exposure (blue), demonstrate the change, or lack of change, in beat period. Single FPD traces are overlaid for ventricular (A), Atrial Standard (B), Atrial (Low GFs) (C), and Atrial (D1RA) (D), demonstrating expected FPD shortening induced by carbamylcholine in Atrial (Low GFs) and Atrial (D1RA). Summary of changes in beat period (E) and corrected field potential duration (F) after carbamylcholine exposure, values adjusted to vehicle controls. Statistics performed with a mixed effects model. N/n = independent differentiations/technical repeats for ventricular (3/11), Atrial Standard (2/9), Atrial (Low GFs) (3/12), Atrial (D1RA) (6/28). ****p < 0.0001

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