Table 3 Candidate proteins to predict or monitor MSC response

Prediction

biomarkers

Reticulocalbin-3*

RCN3

 − 3.21

Calcium-binding protein

[29]

Keratin, type 2 cytoskeletal 74

KRT74

 − 3.16

Hair formation

[30]

Splicing factor 3A subunit 1

SF3A1

 − 2.37

Spliceosome assembly; Pre-mRNA splicing

[31, 32]

Follistatin-related protein 3*

FSTL3

 − 1.70

Antagonist of transforming growth factor β family;

Bind with activin A, and activin B

[33]

Monitoring

biomarkers

Bisphosphoglycerate mutase

BPGM

2.96

Regulate hemoglobin oxygen affinity;

Synthesize 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

[34, 35]

Scrapie-responsive protein 1*

SCRG1

2.49

Central nerve system protein; SCRG1 secreted from bone-marrow derived MSCs plays anti-inflammatory role

[36, 37]

Neural proliferation differentiation and control protein 1*

NPDC1

2.38

Control neural cell proliferation and differentiation by regulating E2F1 transcription factor

[38]

Immunoglobulin J chain

JCHAIN

2.21

Protein component of the antibodies Immunoglobulin M and Immunoglobulin A

[39]

Dihydropteridine reductase

QDPR

2.18

Enzyme that catalyzes the recycling of tetrahydrobiopterin

[40]

Lymphocyte antigen 6H

LY6H

2.09

Modulate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors activity

[41]

Cytokine-like protein 1

C17

2.05

Chondrogenesis, cartilage homeostasis, and osteoarthritis progression

[42]

Apolipoprotein E*

ApoE

2.02

Transport Lipids, vitamin, and cholesterol;

Bind with amyloid-beta

[43, 44]

Alpha-L-iduronidase

IDUA

1.96

Lysosomal degradation of glycosaminoglycans

[45]

Cystatin-C*

CysC

1.89

Cysteine protease inhibitor;

Reduce amyloid-beta aggregation and deposition

[46, 47]

Aspartate aminotransferase

GOT1

1.86

Synthesize L-glutamate; Regulate glutamate level

[48]

Transcobalamin-2

TCN2

1.85

Transport vitamin B12 to the tissues

[49]

Divergent protein kinase domain 2B

DIPK2B

1.81

Few functions are known

–