Fig. 5

The M2-type polarization of macrophages promoted by hUCMSCSs was inhibited by the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662. A The fluorescence of CD68 (fluorescent green) and PPARγ (fluorescent red) was assessed to determine the level of PPARγ cells in macrophages in each group. The nucleus was stained with DAPI (fluorescent blue) (Bar = 100 μm). B The expression of PPARγ in macrophages was analyzed by qRT-PCR(n = 3). C–D PPARγ protein expression in macrophages was analyzed by Western Blot and quantitative protein analysis of PPARγ (n = 3) (Full-length blots and repeated experiments are presented in Additional file 3). E The mRNA expression levels of M1-type macrophage-related genes in macrophages (n = 3). F The mRNA expression levels of M2-type macrophage-related genes in macrophages (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, and ns (no statistical significance) (all p values were obtained by the two-tailed Student’s test)