Fig. 8
From: Maintenance of adult stem cells from human minor salivary glands via the Wnt signaling pathway
Schematic images of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and BMP signaling pathways. a Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling. The Wnt signaling pathway has two types: canonical (dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway) and noncanonical (independent Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway) Wnt signaling pathways. When a Wnt ligand binds to the Frizzled receptor and LRP5/6, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is activated. Glycogen synthesis kinase 3β (GSK3β) is the promoter of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. When GSK3β activity is inhibited by drugs, β-catenin is translocated into the nucleus, activating the Wnt pathway. b BMP signalling. BMPs signals are transmitted by type I and II receptor complexes. BMPR activation can cause non-Smad signaling by activating the p38, JNK, and ERK MAP kinases. Noggin is a BMP antagonist that can reduce BMP pathway expression