Table 1 Role of dopamine and its receptor on mesenchymal stromal cells and neuron, hematopoietic, cancer stem cells
Cell type | Classification | Receptors | Signaling pathway | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Neural stem cells |  | D2 | D2R(+)-cAMP(−)-CNTF(+)-JAK/STAT/Notch1(+) | Promotion of the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells |
D3 | D3R(+)-AKT/ERK1/2(+) | Â | ||
D3 | D3R(+)-Cdk5/p35(+) | Protection against the loss of nestin expression caused by various stressors to reduce neural stem cell death | ||
Mesenchymal Stromal cells (MSCs) | Human-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (hMPCs) | D2 | D2R(+)-AKT(+) | Increased mobilization and migration capacity of hMPCs |
Murine-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (mMPCs) | D2 | D2R(+)-VEGFR-2/AKT-VEGF(−) | Reduction of the number of mMSCs and inhibited their ability to mobilization and migration | |
D2R(+)-AKT(+) | Increased mobilization and migration capacity of mMPCs | |||
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) | D1/D2 | Unknown | A low concentration of dopamine (50 μM) can promote the proliferation and differentiation of hBMSCs, while the high concentration of dopamine (500 μM) can inhibit | |
D1 | D1R(+)-ERK1/2(+)-RUNX2 | Low concentrations of dopamine (below 5 nM) can promote osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, while high concentrations (above 5 μM) can inhibit | ||
Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (rBMSCs) | Unknown | cAMP-CREB-Ca2+ | Affects osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs | |
AKT/GSK-3β/β-Catenin | Reduction of osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs and promoted their lipogenic differentiation | |||
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) | Â | D2/D3 | D2R/D3R(+)-cAMP(+)-PKA(+)-LCK(+)-c-kit/ERK(+) | Regulation of HSPCs maintenance and enhance their ability to proliferate and differentiate |
Cancer stem cells |  | D2 | D2R(−)-Wnt/β-catenin(−) | D2 receptor antagonists aripiprazole and methoprazine can inhibit the growth of cancer stem cells and induce apoptosis |
|  | D2R(−)-AKT(−) | While promoting the differentiation of cancer stem cells into non-cancer cells | ||
Pituitary adenoma stem cells | D2 | D2R(+)-PRL(−) | Reduction of the proliferation rate and activity of pituitary tumor stem cells | |
Glioblastoma neural stem cells (GNS) | D4 | D4R(−)-PDGFRβ(−)-ERK1/2(−) | Inhibition of GNS self-renewal and glioblastoma growth | |
Breast cancer stem cells | D1 | D1R(+) | D1 receptor agonists fenoldopam and L-SPD can inhibit the growth of mouse breast cancer stem cells |