Fig. 2

Enhanced proliferation activity in high osmotic pressure-primed HSC-NK cells. A A schematic representation of the HSC-NK expansion protocol using K562-mbIL21-feeder cell stimulation. B Example data from flow cytometry analysis of surface markers on NK cells after a 7-day NK cell expansion period. C Proportions of NK cell marker expression, as illustrated in (B). D and E Fold expansion of CD56⁺ CD3⁻ NK cells after a 7-day (D) and 14-day (E) expansion period. F A growth curve of HSC-NK cells, originated from a single HSC, at the mentioned time points. Hyperosmosis was adjusted by NaCl addition. Data from C, D, E, and F are represented as mean ± SEM from 3 independent experimental replicates. P values calculated by a paired Student's t-test are provided in (D) and (E), whereas P values computed by a two-way ANOVA test are indicated in (C) and (F)