Enhancing mesenchymal stem cell survival and homing capability to improve cell engraftment efficacy for liver diseases

Table 2 Hypoxic preconditioning improves therapeutic outcomes of MSC transplantation for liver diseases

Oxygen pressure	Model	Derivation	Therapeutic effect	References
1% O₂	Rat, 85% hepatectomy	Rat bone marrow	Increased survival and liver regeneration	[53]
1% O₂	Mouse, 70% hepatectomy	Human adipose tissue	Accelerated liver regeneration and liver function recovery	[56]
1% O₂	Mouse, liver fibrosis	Human bone marrow	Accelerated liver function recovery	[55]
1% O₂	Mouse, hepatectomy	Human adipose tissue	Reduced hepatocyte apoptosis	[61]
5% O₂	Mouse, liver cirrhosis	Human bone marrow	Enhanced liver regeneration and reduced hepatocyte apoptosis	[57]
2–3% O₂	Mouse, liver ischemia	Human bone marrow	Enhanced liver regeneration	[119]

AKT, protein kinase B; CXCR-4, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; IL-6, interleukin-6; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; PGE-2, prostaglandin E2; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor

ISSN: 1757-6512