Enhancing mesenchymal stem cell survival and homing capability to improve cell engraftment efficacy for liver diseases

Table 4 Gene modification for enhancing cell-homing capability of MSC transplantation in liver diseases

Cell type	Gene	Vector	Treatment	Model	Mechanism	References
BM-MSC	CXCR4	Adenovirus	Overexpression	LT	By CXCR-4/SDF-1α pathway and by inhibiting liver enzyme release and caspase-3 expression	[79]
BM-MSC	Androgen receptor	RNAi	Knockout	LC	By regulating IL-1R/IL-1Ra signaling	[126]
BM-MSC	EPO	Lentivirus	Overexpression	Liver fibrosis	By suppressing TGF-β1 and IL-6 expression and upregulating MMP-9 expression	[76]
AF-MSC	IL-1Ra	Lentivirus	Overexpression	Liver failure	By inhibiting hepatic inflammatory and reducing hepatocyte apoptosis	[127]
PD-MSC	PRL-1	4D AMAXA Nucleofector™ system	Overexpression	LT	By regulating integrin signal pathway and decreasing hsa-miR-30a-5p expression	[128]
UC-MSC	CXCL9	Lentivirus	Overexpression	Liver fibrosis	By enhancing MSC adhesion, crawling and spreading	[81]
BM-MSC	C-met	Lentivirus	Overexpression	ALF	By enhancing HGF/c-Met pathway to improve MSC homing	[82]
UC-MSC	CCR2	Lentivirus	Overexpression	ALF	By enhancing MSC homing through regulating CCR-2/CCL-2 axis	[37]
BM-MSC	FGF4	Lentivirus	Overexpression	LC	By improving MSC proliferation and migration	[129]
BM-MSC	HGF	Adenovirus	Overexpression	LC	By improving MSC homing	[130]
BM-MSC	hFoxa2	Lipofectamine	Overexpression	LC	By promoting the incorporation of MSCs into liver grafts	[131]
AMM	IL-10	Neon transfection system	Overexpression	LC	By enhancing MSC retention	[132]
ADSC	BCAT1	Adenovirus	Overexpression	ALF	By enhancing MSC retention	[133]
UC-MSC	VEGF₁₆₅	Adenovirus	Overexpression	ALF	By improving MSC homing	[134]

ADSC, adipose -derived MSC; AF-MSC, amniotic-fluid–derived MSC; ALF, acute liver failure; AMM, amniotic mesenchymal stem cell; BCAT1, branched‐chain amino acid transaminase‐1; BM-MSC, bone marrow-derived MSC; CCR-2, CC chemokine receptor 2; C-met, cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor; CXCL-2, C-X-C chemokine ligand 2; CXCL9, C-X-C chemokine ligand 9; CXCR-4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; EPO, erythropoietin; FGF4, fibroblast growth factor 4; hFoxa2, human Forkhead box A2; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; HSC, hepatic stellate cell; IL-1Ra, interleukin-1-receptor antagonist; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-10, Interleukin 10; LC, liver cirrhosis; LT, liver transplantation; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; PD-MSC, placenta-derived MSC; PRL-1, phosphatase of regenerating liver-1; TGF-β1, transforming growth factorβ1; UC-MSC, umbilical cord blood-derived MSC; VEGF₁₆₅, vascular endothelial growth factor 165

ISSN: 1757-6512