Fig. 5

Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin in BrS iPSC-CMs. A Bar graph to compare the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity between control and BrS iPSC-CMs evaluated by the TOPflash reporter assay. n = 3–4 culture replicates. ****p < 0.0001. B Western blot analysis of the nucleus expression of total β-catenin in control and BrS iPSC-CMs. Lamin B1 is used for the loading control. Full-length blots are presented in Additional file 1: Fig. S9. C Bar graph to compare the nucleus expression of β-catenin in control and BrS iPSC-CMs. n = 3–4 culture replicates. ****p < 0.0001. D Representative confocal images of β-catenin (green) staining in control and BrS iPSC-CMs, showing increased nuclear localization of β-catenin in BrS iPSC-CMs. TNNT2 (red) is used as a specific marker of cardiomyocytes. DAPI indicates nuclear staining (blue). White arrows indicate the nuclear localization of β-catenin in BrS iPSC-CMs. Scale bar, 20 μm. E Bar graph to compare the signal intensity of nuclear versus cytoplasmic β-catenin from the confocal images in C. n = 9 views. ***p < 0.001