Fig. 2

Characterization of Exosomes. A Transmission electron microscope analysis of freshly isolated exosomes in distilled water; Scale bar = 200 nm B Transmission electron microscope analysis of freshly isolated exosomes in methanol; Scale bar = 100 nm. Exosomes derived from the supernatant of iMSCs (Exo-FBS) or iMSCs primed with RA serum (Exo-RA) or non-RA serum (Exo-non-RA) C Total CD81 of exosome produced from 10⁷ iMSCs D Total number of exosomes produced from 10⁷ iMSCs as determined by NTA (n = 5) E Size of exosomes produced from 10⁷ MSCs as determined by NTA (n = 5) (F) Amounts of TGF-β in exosomes produced from 10⁷ iMSCs G Amounts of IL-1Ra in exosomes produced from 10⁷ iMSCs H Amounts of PGE2 in exosomes produced from 10⁷ iMSCs. (I) Relative expression of miR 155-5p in the exosomes. J Relative expression of miR 146-5p in exosomes. K Relative expression of miR 10-5p in exosomes. L Relative expression of miR 142-3p in exosomes. M Relative expression of miR 155-5p in iMSCs. N Relative expression of miR 146-5p in iMSCs. O Relative expression of miR 10-5p in iMSCs. P Relative expression of miR 142-3p in iMSCs. Q Relative expression of miR 216a-5p in iMSCs. Data (mean ± standard error of the mean) were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post-hoc tests.*, Significant differences (p < 0.05) from the Exo-FBS. iMSCs: immortalized mesenchymal stem cells, NTA: Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, miR: micro RNA