Fig. 4

Comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes in the lean hASCs and obese hASCs based on RNA sequencing. a Graph showing GSEA for the KEGG pathways of the upregulated differentially expressed genes in the obese hASCs. Lean hASCs, n = 3 different donors. Obese hASCs, n = 8 different donors. b Heatmap showing the differential expression of senescence-associated genes (upper panel) and longevity-associated genes (lower panel) between the lean hASCs and obese hASCs. Higher expression is depicted in red, and lower expression is depicted in blue. The colour intensity represents the Row z score. Lean hASCs, n = 3 different donors. Obese hASCs, n = 8 different donors. c Graph showing GSEA revealed that genes enriched in the TGF-beta signalling pathway were upregulated in the obese hASCs. d Histogram showing the relative expression of TGFB1, TGFBR2 and CDKN2B was normalized log-scaled FPKM (log2 (FPKM + 1)) in lean hASCs and obese hASCs were determined by RNA sequencing (left panel). Histogram showing the relative mRNA expression levels of TGFB1, TGFBR2 and CDKN2B in lean hASCs and obese hASCs were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. The relative expression of each gene was normalized against 18S rRNA (righ panel). Lean hASCs, n = 3 different donors. Obese hASCs, n = 8 different donors. Data are presented as the means ± SEM. Significant difference by unpaired two-tailed paired t test. FPKM, fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads