Fig. 4

Transcriptional analysis in LP and HP pMSCs grown in FM and XM. a–e RNA-seq results show the Wnt signaling, cell cycle, DNA replication, TGF beta, and senescence genes, respectively, performed in triplicate. Up- and downregulated genes are red and blue, respectively. HP pMSCs grown in FM displayed downregulation of Wnt signaling, cell cycle, and DNA replication genes but upregulation of TGF beta and senescence genes. f–h Enrichment of upregulated DEGs associated with the biological processes, molecular function, and cellular compartment, respectively, was performed with Benjamini–Hochberg FDR at p < 0.05 using DESeq2. i–j Upregulated DEGs associated with protein classes and signaling pathways, respectively, were determined by PANTHER analysis. k Enrichment of pathway genes when DEGs were compared between HP XM vs HP FM and LP XM vs LP FM. The Enrichr analysis generated the combined score (p-value multiplied by the z-score)