Table 3 Studies analysing EPCs levels in DM patients with DR

Fadini, GP (2006)

T2DM

cEPCs: CD34⁺

cEPCs: CD34⁺KDR⁺

↓DR; NC in PAD

↓PAD; NC in DR;

DM

[141]

Torre, N (2015)

T1DM

eEPCs: CD45^dim CD34⁺ KDR⁺

ECFCs: CD45^dim CD34⁺ CD144⁺

NC in DR

T1DM

[142]

Lee, IG (2006)

T2DM

cEPCs: CD34⁺

↑PDR; NPDR

HC and DM

[143]

Brunner, S (2009)

T1DM

CPCs: CD34⁺ CD133⁺

EPCs: CD34⁺ CD133⁺ CD309⁺

ECFCs: CD34⁺ CD133⁺ CD309⁺ CD31⁺

↓NPDR; ↑PDR

HC

[144]

Liu, X (2010)

T2DM

cEPCs: CD34⁺ CD133⁺

↑Severe NPDR to PDR

HC

[140]

Tan, K (2010)

T1DM

ECFCs: CD34⁺ CD45⁻

↑PDR

HC

[146]

Huang, YC (2018)

T2DM

ECFCs: CD31⁺ KDR-2⁺ CD45^dim CD133⁺

↓PDR

NPDR

[147]

Lombardo, M (2012)

T2DM

pre-EPCs: CD34⁺ CD133⁺ CD117⁺

EPCs: CD34⁺ CD133⁺ KDR⁺

late EPCs: CD31⁺ KDR⁺ VE-cadherin ⁺

CECs: CD45⁻ CD31⁺ CD146⁺

activated CECs: CD106⁺

↑DR-PAD

↓DR-PAD

↓DR-PAD

↑DR-PAD

↑DR-PAD

HC

[148]

Zerbini, G (2012)

T1DM

CFU-Hill cells: CD45⁺ CD14 ⁺

ECFCs: CD34⁺ KDR⁺ CD133⁻ CD45^dim

↑NPDR NC in NPDR

HC

[149]

Hu, L (2011)

T2DM

CPCs: CD34⁺ EPOR⁺

EPCs: CD34⁺ KDR⁺ EPOR⁺

↓NPDR

↓NPDR

↓PDR

↓PDR-DN

HC

[150]